Cognitive development in early childhood: effects of early sensory stimulation

Abstract

In early childhood, cognitive development is essential for laying the foundation for future learning skills and adaptability. During this period, the brain shows exceptional plasticity, facilitating the formation of neural connections that support cognitive processes such as memory, attention, thinking and language. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of early sensory stimulation on the cognitive development of 3- and 4-year-old children in Simón Bolívar Canton, Ecuador. Using a mixed approach, with a non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional design, quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed in their natural context. The results indicated that early sensory stimulation in the family environment significantly promotes attention, memory and emotional regulation, although variations were observed in the frequency and consistency of these skills. Areas such as event narration and emotion recognition require additional stimulation, which highlights the importance of implementing strategies adapted to the characteristics of each family. This study underscores the relevance of an enriched family environment in cognitive formation during the first years of life, providing evidence to promote interventions aimed at enhancing comprehensive development in early childhood.